Pishoy B. Yacoub. He also successfully tried a case in Federal Court in the Southern District of New York. Mr. Yacoub also received an LL.M. in Trial Advocacy from Temple University School of Law. Since 2016, he has served as the Chief of Litigation Training, where he created training programs for all prosecutors in the office and teaches CLE ...Since DA Katz took office in January of 2020, Ms. Naiburg has worked tirelessly to fulfill the District Attorney’s mission of Brave Justice – keeping the communities of Queens safe, while helping to implement fairness and equity within the criminal justice system.U.S. municipal elections, 2019. Queens Borough President Melinda Katz (D) defeated public defender Tiffany Caban and five other candidates in the June 25, 2019, Democratic primary for Queens District Attorney. While Caban appeared to be the first-place finisher on election night, Katz appeared to be the first-place finisher after mail-in ... Mayor Eric Adams speaks alongside NYPD Commissioner Keechant Sewell and Queens DA Melinda Katz during a press conference at the Queens DA's Office in relation to a gang takedown Tuesday, Feb.14 ...Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced that Frank Cavalluzzi was convicted of nine counts of attempted murder for attacking peaceful… Upcoming Events April 20 - Scams & Frauds Awareness and Prevention Webinar (Event has passed)As Queens District Attorney, Melinda Katz brings a steady, community-centered approach to the office. A lifelong resident of the Borough, DA Katz has seen the many changes that have taken place as ...Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced that Frank Cavalluzzi was convicted of nine counts of attempted murder for attacking peaceful… Upcoming Events April 20 - Scams & Frauds Awareness and Prevention Webinar (Event has passed) The District Attorney is committed to ridding our neighborhoods of violent gangs, gun runners and drug traffickers. The newly created Violent Criminal Enterprises Bureau merges the Office’s former Narcotics Investigations and Gang Violence Bureaus and works diligently to dismantle criminal organizations operating in Queens County.Queens District Attorney Richard A. Brown (seated) appointed 25 law school graduates as assistant district attorneys. Pictured are (back row left to right) Christopher Theodorou, Leighanne Daly, Hugh F. McCann, Erin Mullins, Peter R. Isham, Christina Mavrikis, Dylan A. Nesturrick, Matthew S. Garber, Joshua J. Garland, Eugene J. Dirks, Davon N. Dennis and Jesse A. Montes.Apr 2, 2023 · March 30, 2023. Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced that Dewayne Henry was sentenced today to 25 years to life in prison for fatally shooting a 65-year-old grocery clerk during a botched robbery in Jamaica in 2011. The defendant has been incarcerated on unrelated charges for much of the time since the murder. Sep 14, 2022 · Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz today announced that defendants Destiny Lebron, 19 and Gil Iphael, 22, have been indicted by a Queens County grand jury and arraigned in Supreme Court on sex trafficking and other charges in the July 2022 incident that took place inside the Quality Inn hotel in Jamaica, Queens. District Attorney Katz said ... Two Queens men face weapons charges, prosecutors said. (Queens District Attorney's Office) QUEENS, NY — A Queens man who stashed illegal guns at his job faces a long list of felonies ...By Jacob Kaye. With around six months before the primary election in New York City, the race for Queens district attorney is beginning to take shape. At the moment, it’s a race of two. Incumbent District Attorney Melinda Katz is taking a shot at a second term as the borough’s top cop and facing a challenge from George Grasso, who most ...Jan 19, 2023 · Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced the creation of a new division in her office dedicated to investigating and prosecuting criminals who prey on society’s most vulnerable.. The ... Below is a list of Support Professional (non-attorney) positions at the Queens District Attorney’s Office. Please click on an opening in the list to view details and apply. If you have previously submitted or saved an application, please go to My Account to retrieve it.executive assistant district attorney of the community partnerships division Ms. Babb has more than 25 years of experience in criminal justice, particularly related to adolescents. As the Queens Borough Chief of the New York City Law Department- Office of Corporation Counsel, Ms. Babb was the legal, strategic and policy advisor for the office.The Queens district attorney is in charge of a team of prosecutors who handle all criminal cases in the borough. It's a job with some direct, practical impacts for Queens residents. A DA can help ... Nov 4, 2021 · Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announces MTA bus driver Jonathan Santos' arrest for possessing illegal "ghost guns." Queens DA More On: guns Guns, drugs litter homeless shelter in liberal ... The release of records is governed by Article 6 of the Public Officers Law and the Queens County District Attorney’s office may deny access to records or portions thereof in accordance with FOIL or another state or federal statute. See Pub. Off. Law § 87 (2). For more information on our FOIL resources, click here.Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announces MTA bus driver Jonathan Santos' arrest for possessing illegal "ghost guns." Queens DA More On: guns Guns, drugs litter homeless shelter in liberal ...Mr. Castellano has been with the Queens District Attorney’s Office for 36 years, most recently as the Deputy Executive Assistant District Attorney and Chief Appellate Counsel for the Legal Affairs Division. In those and other capacities, Mr. Castellano oversaw the Appeals Bureau for 23 years and handled cases at all levels of the state and ... Since DA Katz took office in January of 2020, Ms. Naiburg has worked tirelessly to fulfill the District Attorney’s mission of Brave Justice – keeping the communities of Queens safe, while helping to implement fairness and equity within the criminal justice system.Under Richard A. Brown, who was the longest-serving district attorney ever in Queens when he died in May 2019, the office’s law-and-order dogma held firm for 27 years, even as other boroughs ...Oct 2, 2018 · Queens District Attorney Richard A. Brown (seated) appointed 25 law school graduates as assistant district attorneys. Pictured are (back row left to right) Christopher Theodorou, Leighanne Daly, Hugh F. McCann, Erin Mullins, Peter R. Isham, Christina Mavrikis, Dylan A. Nesturrick, Matthew S. Garber, Joshua J. Garland, Eugene J. Dirks, Davon N. Dennis and Jesse A. Montes. The Queens district attorney is in charge of a team of prosecutors who handle all criminal cases in the borough. It's a job with some direct, practical impacts for Queens residents. A DA can help ...The Office of the Queens District Attorney is an equal opportunity employer with a strong commitment to the diversity of our organization and workforce. The Office of the Queens County District Attorney is currently seeking applicants for our Spring Legal Internship, which will run from January through April 2022. This is an Challenger George Grasso is calling on Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz to rescind her endorsement from the New York State Court Officers Association (NYSCOA) and repudiate its president ...Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced on October 15 the appointment of 48 new Assistant District Attorneys – which is the largest class ever – to join the Queens District Attorney’s Office. Of the 48 new prosecutors, 27 are women and 21 are men. “I am proud to welcome this diverse group of talented, dedicated professionals and ...Aug 7, 2023 · Aug. 7, 2023 By Bill Parry An Astoria doctor was indicted by a Queens grand jury and criminally charged with sexually assaulting patients in a hospital and raping acquaintances in his home, Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced Monday. Dr. Zhi Alan Cheng, 33, of Broadway in Astoria, was arraigned in Queens Supreme Court on... The law professors argue the Law Department, Queens District Attorney’s office and the city’s Grievance Committee, abuse this closed-door policy to let misconduct slide. “All these ...Pishoy B. Yacoub. He also successfully tried a case in Federal Court in the Southern District of New York. Mr. Yacoub also received an LL.M. in Trial Advocacy from Temple University School of Law. Since 2016, he has served as the Chief of Litigation Training, where he created training programs for all prosecutors in the office and teaches CLE ...The Grand Jury Bureau oversees the coordination and presentation of all felony matters before the Grand Jury. For more information, email [email protected] or call 718.286.6816. Aug 29, 2023 · Two Queens men face weapons charges, prosecutors said. (Queens District Attorney's Office) QUEENS, NY — A Queens man who stashed illegal guns at his job faces a long list of felonies ... August 12, 2020. Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz with the New York City Police Department is hosting two gun buy back events in Queens this month. The first takes place this Saturday, August 15th at the Greater Springfield Community Church in Jamaica. The second gun buy back event is scheduled for next Saturday, August 22nd at Macedonia ...Description. The Queens County District Attorney’s Office is looking for applicants to fill full-time, entry level Trial Preparation Assistant (TPA) positions within our office. Trial Preparation Assistants have a wide array of responsibilities that may differ depending upon bureau assignment. Generally, TPA’s assist Assistant District ...U.S. municipal elections, 2019. Queens Borough President Melinda Katz (D) defeated public defender Tiffany Caban and five other candidates in the June 25, 2019, Democratic primary for Queens District Attorney. While Caban appeared to be the first-place finisher on election night, Katz appeared to be the first-place finisher after mail-in ...The Queens County District Attorney’s Office is currently seeking applicants for a Clerical Assistant to help support the Office’s Intake Bureau. The Clerical Assistant will report to the Bureau’s Assistant District Attorney Supervisors and will be responsible for a variety of clerical duties including, but not limited to: Assisting with ...May 26, 2020 · District Attorney Melinda Katz announced today the creation of the first Cold Case Unit in Queens County. This specialized Unit is dedicated to investigating and solving the borough’s oldest and most challenging unsolved homicide cases. The Queens District Attorney’s Office seeks to provide justice for all crime victims no matter when the crime was committed.… 125-01 Queens Boulevard Kew Gardens, NY 11415. Visit Website. (718) 286-6000. Updated: 07/19/2012. Your Profile?Nov 10, 2021 · The Queens district attorney did not respond to a request for comment. The 21 grievances were based on judicial findings of misconduct. In many cases, the convictions that the prosecutors ... Nov 4, 2021 · Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announces MTA bus driver Jonathan Santos' arrest for possessing illegal "ghost guns." Queens DA More On: guns Guns, drugs litter homeless shelter in liberal ... Nov 5, 2019 · Melinda Katz ( Democratic Party) is the Queens County District Attorney in New York. Katz assumed office on January 6, 2020. Katz's current term ends on January 1, 2024. Katz ( Democratic Party) is running for re-election for Queens County District Attorney in New York. Katz is on the ballot in the general election on November 7, 2023. The Queens County District Attorney’s Office is currently seeking applicants for a Clerical Assistant to help support the Office’s Intake Bureau. The Clerical Assistant will report to the Bureau’s Assistant District Attorney Supervisors and will be responsible for a variety of clerical duties including, but not limited to: Assisting with ...Oct 6, 2022 · Grasso and Katz got their degrees at St. John’s Law School just six years apart and pursued careers in public service. Katz was elected to the NYS Assembly, City Council and Queens Borough ... The Queens district attorney is in charge of a team of prosecutors who handle all criminal cases in the borough. It's a job with some direct, practical impacts for Queens residents. A DA can help ... The trouble began at about 12:50 p.m. Aug. 30, when Officer Christopher Campos was driving along 70th Street toward Queens Boulevard in Woodside, according to the office of Queens District ...Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz’s re-election campaign on April 17 announced the endorsement of New York State Attorney General Letitia James. The latest endorsement builds on her support ...Feb 1, 2023 · Challenger George Grasso is calling on Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz to rescind her endorsement from the New York State Court Officers Association (NYSCOA) and repudiate its president ... Dec 12, 2021 · The ghost of Queens District Attorney Richard Brown has cost city taxpayers $17.25 million in the past five months. The money is being paid to settle three lawsuits alleging prosecutorial ... Description. The Queens County District Attorney’s Office is looking for applicants to fill full-time, entry level Trial Preparation Assistant (TPA) positions within our office. Trial Preparation Assistants have a wide array of responsibilities that may differ depending upon bureau assignment. Generally, TPA’s assist Assistant District ...Mayor Eric Adams speaks alongside NYPD Commissioner Keechant Sewell and Queens DA Melinda Katz during a press conference at the Queens DA's Office in relation to a gang takedown Tuesday, Feb.14 ...Queens District Attorney's Office. What to Know. A Queens man could face decades behind bars after admitting that he attempted to murder his wife by slamming his SUV against her and then stabbing ...www .queensda .org. The District Attorney of Queens County is the elected district attorney for Queens County in New York State, coterminous with the New York City borough of Queens. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws. Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz, with the Port Authority Chief Security Officer John Bilich, announced today that David Lacarriere, 34, has pleaded guilty to criminal possession of stolen property in the first degree for his involvement in the May 17, 2020 Kennedy Airport cargo heist of more than $4 million worth of designer goods.Nov 17, 2022 · Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz, joined by New York City Police Commissioner Keechant L. Sewell, announced that three individuals have been arrested and charged for allegedly operating as a network of dealers who supplied a variety of drugs to buyers in Far Rockaway, Queens, and other boroughs over the last year. An additional crew member… Queens District Attorney's Office. What to Know. A Queens man could face decades behind bars after admitting that he attempted to murder his wife by slamming his SUV against her and then stabbing ...198 E. 161 St., 5th Fl. Bronx, NY 10451. 718-590-2114. Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Child Study Center. Individual, group and family counseling and medical services. Accepts Medicaid, Child Health Plus, Family Health Plus and sliding scale fee/assistance based on need. All adolescent crime victims (5-17.5) and their families.Melinda R. Katz (born August 29, 1965) is an American attorney and politician from New York City, serving as District Attorney of Queens since January 1, 2020. A Democrat, she previously served as the Queens Borough President. Katz was also a New York City Councilwoman from 2002 to 2009. [1] She had previously run for City Comptroller in 2009. [2] 125-01 Queens Boulevard Kew Gardens, NY 11415. Visit Website. (718) 286-6000. Updated: 07/19/2012. Your Profile?May 4, 2019 · Richard A. Brown, the Queens district attorney, in his office in 1991. He was a former judge who left the calm of an appellate court for the pressures of a big-city prosecutor’s office and ... Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announces the takedown of a Jamaica-based gun-running gang in July 2020, including ringleader Jessica Heylinger, who was sentenced to 10 years in prison on ...May 13, 2023 · In the contentious 2019 Democratic primary election for Queens District Attorney, I publicly supported Tiffany Cabán, the public defender candidate, over Katz, then the borough president. Description. The Queens County District Attorney’s Office is looking for applicants to fill full-time, entry level Trial Preparation Assistant (TPA) positions within our office. Trial Preparation Assistants have a wide array of responsibilities that may differ depending upon bureau assignment. Generally, TPA’s assist Assistant District ...Queens County District Attorney's Office 125-01 Queens Blvd. Kew Gardens, NY 11415. The CIU will also accept submissions by email sent to: [email protected]. Please be aware that our system cannot receive emails 20MB or larger. All submissions should include a physical address for the Conviction Integrity Unit to contact you by mail. Queens DA Melinda Katz established a specialty prosecutor with the title of Immigration Specialist within her first year in office. The Immigration Specialist, who operates within the Appeals and Special Litigation Division, is charged with serving the immigrant community specifically related to criminal prosecution. District Attorney Melinda Katz today announced the appointments of two executives who will assist in streamlining inter-office processes and enhancing public safety protocols within Queens County. Retired NYPD Assistant Chief Thomas Conforti has been appointed as Chief Investigator and veteran prosecutor Theresa M. Shanahan has been appointed as Executive Assistant District Attorney for ...The release of records is governed by Article 6 of the Public Officers Law and the Queens County District Attorney’s office may deny access to records or portions thereof in accordance with FOIL or another state or federal statute. See Pub. Off. Law § 87 (2). For more information on our FOIL resources, click here. Aug 29, 2023 · Two Queens men face weapons charges, prosecutors said. (Queens District Attorney's Office) QUEENS, NY — A Queens man who stashed illegal guns at his job faces a long list of felonies ... Apr 2, 2023 · March 30, 2023. Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced that Dewayne Henry was sentenced today to 25 years to life in prison for fatally shooting a 65-year-old grocery clerk during a botched robbery in Jamaica in 2011. The defendant has been incarcerated on unrelated charges for much of the time since the murder. Oct 15, 2021 · Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz today announced the appointment of 48 new Assistant District Attorneys – which is the largest class ever – to join the Queens District Attorney’s Office. Of the 48 new prosecutors, 27 are women and 21 are men. “I am proud to welcome this diverse group of talented, dedicated professionals and… Below is a list of Support Professional (non-attorney) positions at the Queens District Attorney’s Office. Please click on an opening in the list to view details and apply. If you have previously submitted or saved an application, please go to My Account to retrieve it.Queens DA Melinda Katz established a specialty prosecutor with the title of Immigration Specialist within her first year in office. The Immigration Specialist, who operates within the Appeals and Special Litigation Division, is charged with serving the immigrant community specifically related to criminal prosecution.District Attorney Melinda Katz today announced the appointments of two executives who will assist in streamlining inter-office processes and enhancing public safety protocols within Queens County. Retired NYPD Assistant Chief Thomas Conforti has been appointed as Chief Investigator and veteran prosecutor Theresa M. Shanahan has been appointed as Executive Assistant District Attorney for ...Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz today announced that defendants Destiny Lebron, 19 and Gil Iphael, 22, have been indicted by a Queens County grand jury and arraigned in Supreme Court on sex trafficking and other charges in the July 2022 incident that took place inside the Quality Inn hotel in Jamaica, Queens. District Attorney Katz said ...Mr. Castellano has been with the Queens District Attorney’s Office for 36 years, most recently as the Deputy Executive Assistant District Attorney and Chief Appellate Counsel for the Legal Affairs Division. In those and other capacities, Mr. Castellano oversaw the Appeals Bureau for 23 years and handled cases at all levels of the state and ...Feb 1, 2023 · Challenger George Grasso is calling on Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz to rescind her endorsement from the New York State Court Officers Association (NYSCOA) and repudiate its president ... Accountability NY also filed a complaint against Rachel Buchter, who currently works in the Queens district attorney’s office as the bureau chief of the DA’s Felony Trials III Bureau. This week’s complaint is the second filed by the group against Buchter.Property Release Information. Until further notice Property Release Demands will only be accepted via fax at 718-286-6845 or by e-mail at [email protected]. If a release is issued it will be mailed to the demander. The Property Release Unit can be reached for any assistance at 718-286-6826. A graduate from College of the Holy Cross and Fordham Law School, Mr. Carroll started in the Queens District Attorney’s Office in 1976, working in various bureaus including Appeals, Criminal Court and Supreme Court Trials. In 1982, he left to become Deputy Chief of the Appellate Division Grievance Committee for the Second and Eleventh ...The release of records is governed by Article 6 of the Public Officers Law and the Queens County District Attorney’s office may deny access to records or portions thereof in accordance with FOIL or another state or federal statute. See Pub. Off. Law § 87 (2). For more information on our FOIL resources, click here.Jul 11, 2022 · Shanahan is a Queens native who graduated from St. John’s University Law School before joining the Kings County District Attorney’s Office in 1990 and becoming chief of the Early Case ... Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz accepted the resignation of Homicide Bureau Chief Brad Leventhal on Monday, March 29, 2021. (Photo by Mark Hallum) A notable member of the Queens district ...May 26, 2020 · District Attorney Melinda Katz announced today the creation of the first Cold Case Unit in Queens County. This specialized Unit is dedicated to investigating and solving the borough’s oldest and most challenging unsolved homicide cases. The Queens District Attorney’s Office seeks to provide justice for all crime victims no matter when the crime was committed.… The Queens district attorney did not respond to a request for comment. The 21 grievances were based on judicial findings of misconduct. In many cases, the convictions that the prosecutors ...Jul 11, 2022 · Shanahan is a Queens native who graduated from St. John’s University Law School before joining the Kings County District Attorney’s Office in 1990 and becoming chief of the Early Case ... A graduate from College of the Holy Cross and Fordham Law School, Mr. Carroll started in the Queens District Attorney’s Office in 1976, working in various bureaus including Appeals, Criminal Court and Supreme Court Trials. In 1982, he left to become Deputy Chief of the Appellate Division Grievance Committee for the Second and Eleventh ... Queens District Attorney's Office Jan 27, 2021 · Under Richard A. Brown, who was the longest-serving district attorney ever in Queens when he died in May 2019, the office’s law-and-order dogma held firm for 27 years, even as other boroughs ...
Nov 5, 2019 · Melinda Katz ( Democratic Party) is the Queens County District Attorney in New York. Katz assumed office on January 6, 2020. Katz's current term ends on January 1, 2024. Katz ( Democratic Party) is running for re-election for Queens County District Attorney in New York. Katz is on the ballot in the general election on November 7, 2023. . Former wsb tv meteorologists
Queens DA charges Long Island man with murder in St. Albans shooting that put 13 bullets into victim. Jevaughn Jeminson was pronounced dead at Jamaica Hospital after he was shot multiple times ...Sep 2, 2023 · Queens DA charges Long Island man with murder in St. Albans shooting that put 13 bullets into victim. Jevaughn Jeminson was pronounced dead at Jamaica Hospital after he was shot multiple times ... The Queens district attorney did not respond to a request for comment. The 21 grievances were based on judicial findings of misconduct. In many cases, the convictions that the prosecutors ...Property Release Information. Until further notice Property Release Demands will only be accepted via fax at 718-286-6845 or by e-mail at [email protected]. If a release is issued it will be mailed to the demander. The Property Release Unit can be reached for any assistance at 718-286-6826. A 28-year veteran prosecutor with the Queens District Attorney’s Office, Ms. Traill has briefed, argued, edited and supervised more than 1,000 criminal appeals and federal habeas corpus as both appellant and respondent in the New York Court of Appeals, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, the United States District Court ...In the contentious 2019 Democratic primary election for Queens District Attorney, I publicly supported Tiffany Cabán, the public defender candidate, over Katz, then the borough president.The Grand Jury Bureau oversees the coordination and presentation of all felony matters before the Grand Jury. For more information, email [email protected] or call 718.286.6816.www .queensda .org. The District Attorney of Queens County is the elected district attorney for Queens County in New York State, coterminous with the New York City borough of Queens. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws.125-01 Queens Boulevard Kew Gardens, NY 11415. Visit Website. (718) 286-6000. Updated: 07/19/2012. Your Profile?executive assistant district attorney of the community partnerships division Ms. Babb has more than 25 years of experience in criminal justice, particularly related to adolescents. As the Queens Borough Chief of the New York City Law Department- Office of Corporation Counsel, Ms. Babb was the legal, strategic and policy advisor for the office. The Queens County District Attorney’s Office is currently seeking applicants for a Clerical Assistant to help support the Office’s Intake Bureau. The Clerical Assistant will report to the Bureau’s Assistant District Attorney Supervisors and will be responsible for a variety of clerical duties including, but not limited to: Assisting with ...Sep 2, 2023 · Queens DA charges Long Island man with murder in St. Albans shooting that put 13 bullets into victim. Jevaughn Jeminson was pronounced dead at Jamaica Hospital after he was shot multiple times ... The Queens district attorney is in charge of a team of prosecutors who handle all criminal cases in the borough. It's a job with some direct, practical impacts for Queens residents. A DA can help ... Shanahan is a Queens native who graduated from St. John’s University Law School before joining the Kings County District Attorney’s Office in 1990 and becoming chief of the Early Case ...Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz, joined by New York City Police Commissioner Dermot Shea and U.S. Postal Inspector in Charge Philip R. Bartlett, U.S. Postal Inspection Service-New York Division, announced today that defense attorney Jamie Burke, 59, has been charged with grand larceny and other crimes for allegedly lying on the Federal Paycheck Protection Payment…Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz announced today that former lawyer Yohan Choi, 47, has pleaded guilty to grand larceny for bilking more than 50 clients – whom he represented before and after he was barred from practicing law. District Attorney Katz said, “As a member of the bar, this defendant took an oath to uphold the law.Below is a list of Support Professional (non-attorney) positions at the Queens District Attorney’s Office. Please click on an opening in the list to view details and apply. If you have previously submitted or saved an application, please go to My Account to retrieve it.Nov 10, 2021 · The Queens district attorney did not respond to a request for comment. The 21 grievances were based on judicial findings of misconduct. In many cases, the convictions that the prosecutors ... Queens County District Attorney's Office 125-01 Queens Blvd. Kew Gardens, NY 11415. The CIU will also accept submissions by email sent to: [email protected]. Please be aware that our system cannot receive emails 20MB or larger. All submissions should include a physical address for the Conviction Integrity Unit to contact you by mail. .